CoNclUtIoN

Why we did this festival?

We did this festival (Rio de Janeiro) because we think that this festival is awesome
and it has many colors , many interesting things to write about and also it is an information to learn about, and share with all the people that is curius.
We also do this because is so interesting beacuse is an English project and because of our cool teacher.

WE LOVE THIS CARNIVAL, WE HOPE YOU TOO :o

CArNiVaLs

carnival:

• The Brazilian carnival (Carnaval, in Portuguese) is an annual celebration held 40 days before Easter and marking the beginning of Lent. Rio de Janeiro has many Carnival choices, including the famous Samba school (Escolas de Samba) parades in the sambadrome exhibition centre and the popular blocos de carnaval, which parade in almost every corner of the city. The most famous ones are:

• Cordão do Bola Preta: Parades in the centre of the city. It is one of the most traditional carnavals. In 2008, 500,000 people attended in one day.

• Suvaco do Cristo: Band that parades in the Botanic Garden, directly below the Redeemer statue's arm. The name, in English, translates as 'Christ's armpit', and was chosen for that reason.

• Carmelitas: Band that was supposedly created by nuns, but in fact it is just a theme chosen by the band. It parades in the hills of Santa Teresa, which have very nice views.

• Simpatia é Quase Amor: One of the most popular parades in Ipanema. Translates as 'Friendliness is almost love'.

• Banda de Ipanema: The most traditional in Ipanema. It attracts a wide range of revellers, including families and a wide spectrum of the gay population (notably spectacular drag queens).
  In 1840, the first Carnaval was celebrated with a masked ball. As years passed, adorned floats and costumed revelers became a tradition amongst the celebrants. Carnaval is known as a historic root of Brazilian music.

CaRniVal cOsTuMeS

Costumes:

RIO OF JANUARY, BRAZIL
Strap on the feathers and loosen the, well, everything. Come February, Rio de Janeiro is showbiz central with the famous Carnivale (above) closing the door on familiarity and ushering in (semi) organised party chaos. For one long weekend the South American city celebrates its rhythmic roots, inviting locals and foreigners alike to give the samba and salsa their annual workout and giving the OK to grandiose fashions, nudity, and around-the-clock raging




















There is no single climax to the festival, however, the most managed events are the floatparades through the Sambodromo where local clubs glued by a devotion akin to footy group cheer squads flaunt their all before judges throughout the night (official proceedings start at 10pm and finish at 8am) Occasionally a brave Aussie or two will also pop up in the procession; more commonly the tourists jam into the stands where chair-dancing is quite acceptable.




















If you don't want to fork out the $300-plus for a Sambodromo ticket there's always the run-through nights on the renowned Copacabana and Ipanema beaches, where the hip-wriggle room is also a little more giving. Be warned, accommodation and food prices aren't cheap (think around $150 per night for budget lodgings) but most of the Carnivale sights are free - some of them priceless.

DaNcE

Samba:

Samba no pé in the rain, Helsinki, Finland

Samba is a lively,rhythmical dance of Brazilian origin in 2/4 time danced under the Samba music. However, there are three steps to every bar, making the Samba feel like a 3/4 timed dance. Its origins include the Maxixe.

The Samba music rhythm has been danced in Brazil since its inception in the late 19th century. There is actually a set of dances, rather than a single dance, that define the Samba dancing scene in Brazil; thus, no one dance can be claimed with certainty as the "original" Samba style. Another major stream of the Samba dance besides the Brazilian Samba dancing styles is Ballroom Samba which differs significantly

MuSiC

Music:

The official song of Rio de Janeiro is "Cidade Maravilhosa", which means "marvelous city". The song is considered the "civic anthem" of Rio, and is always the favourite song during Rio's Carnival in February. Rio de Janeiro is a very important place when studying the urban music of Brazil. They are responsible for the creation of Funk Carioca, which means funk from Rio de Janeiro. This music became a representation of the current problems residents faced in Rio. It became the largest movement in the city because it gave an outlet to many young people to voice their feelings and make money at the same time.

Rio was eternalized in the hit song "Garota de Ipanema" (The Girl from Ipanema) composed by Antonio Carlos Jobim and recognized worldwide and recorded by Astrud Gilberto and João Gilberto, Frank Sinatra, and Ella Fitzgerald. This is also the main key song of the bossa nova, a musical genre that was born in Rio. A genre unique to Rio and Brazil as a whole is Funk Carioca. While samba music continues to act as the national unifying agent in Rio, Funk Carioca found a strong community following in Brazil. First introduced in the 1970s to refer to modern black pop music from the United States, such as James Brown, it evolved in the 1990s to describe a variety of electronic music associated with the current US black music scene including hip hop, modern soul, and house music. Recognizable by the bass of the beat box, funk music could be heard in the alley ways of lower-class neighborhoods in Rio throughout the mid-1990s. Dancing and interclass mixing were significant in the "funk movement.

iNForMaTiOn

Rio de Janeiro information:

• Rio de Janeiro is the second largest city of Brazil, behind São Paulo. The city is capital of the state of Rio de Janeiro. It was the capital of Brazil for almost two centuries, from 1763 to 1822 while it was a Portuguese colony and from 1822 to 1960 as an independent nation. It was the capital of the Portuguese Empire from 1808 to 1821. Commonly known as just Rio, the city is also nicknamed A Cidade Maravilhosa, or "The Marvelous City".

• Rio de Janeiro is famous for its natural settings, its Carnival celebrations, samba and other music, and hotel-lined tourist beaches, such as Copacabana and Ipanema, paved with decorated black and cream swirl pattern mosaics known locally as "pedra portuguesa". Some of the most famous local landmarks in addition to the beaches include the giant statue of Jesus, known as Christ the Redeemer ('Cristo Redentor') atop Corcovado mountain, which has recently been named one of the New Seven Wonders of the World; Sugarloaf mountain (Pão de Açúcar) with its cable car; the Sambódromo, a giant permanent parade stand used during Carnival; the famous Brazilian copperfish and Maracanã stadium, one of the world's largest football stadiums.
  The city also boasts the two world's largest forests inside an urban area. The first is the forest in Parque Estadual da Pedra Branca, or White Stone State Park. The second, almost connected to the first, is the famous Floresta da Tijuca, or "Tijuca Forest".The Galeão - Antônio Carlos Jobim International Airport connects Rio de Janeiro with many Brazilian cities and also operates several international flights.
  

Despite its charm and beauty, Rio is reputed to be one of the most violent cities in the world [ and motivated movies such as Bus 174, City of God and Elite Squad portraying severe social issues. Violent crime is concentrated in the slum areas known as favelas, which are located largely on the periphery of the City.





flag shield

ClImAtE

Climate:

Rio has a tropical climate. The temperature occasionally reaches over 40°C (104°F) in inland areas of the city, and extreme maximum temperatures above 30°C (86°F) can happen every month. In the main tourist areas (south side, where the beaches are located), the temperature is moderated by the cool sea-breezes from the ocean.

The average annual minimum temperature is 20°

C (68°F), the average annual maximum temperature is 26°C (79°F) and the average annual temperature is 23°C (73.5°F). The average yearly precipitation is 1,086 mm. The minimum temperature recorded was 4.8°C (40°F) in July 1928, but temperatures below 10°C (50°F) are rare in most of city today, the absolute maximum reached 43.2°C (110°F) in January 1984.

GeOgRaPhY

Geography:

Rio de Janeiro is located at 22 degrees, 54 minutes south latitude, 43 degrees 14 minutes west longitude. The population of the City of Rio de Janeiro is about 6,136,652, occupying an area of 1,182.3 square kilometres (456.5 sq mi).

The population of the larger metropolitan area is estimated at 11-13.5 million. It was Brazil's capital until 1960, when Brasília took its place. Residents of the city are known as Cariocas. The official song of Rio is "Cidade Maravilhosa" (translated as "Marvelous City").

Rio de Janeiro

History:
Rio de Janeiro (River of January) has an exciting, ancient history dating back to the 16 th century involving pirates, natives, nobility and all the exciting stories that piece together to form the past of this great city. It was first discovered on 1 st January 1502 after being “accidentally” found by a captain by the name of Gaspar de Lemos who was a captain of a ship in Pedro Alvares Cabral’s fleet. It is legend that they thought that the bay that they eventually named Guanabara Bay was a river hence the name Rio which means river in Portuguese. The Portuguese then took little interest in the land until 1555 when French colonizers under Nicolas Durand de Villegaignon (looking for pau-brasil a native wood used to make dye and mineral riches) settled on a small island and created a settlement called “France Antarctique”. The Portuguese initially took little notice of this invasion but in 1560 a naval expedition led by Governor-General of Brazil Mem de Sa tried to expel them. They weren’t able to totally expel them until 1967 with the help of Mem de Sa’s nephew Estacio de Sa. The French were aided by the Tamoio Indians.


By: Camila Arango. Vanessa Trujillo. Catalina Mora